Introduction Hookah diving, or surface-supplied breathing, provides a lightweight alternative to SCUBA by removing the need for heavy back-mounted tanks. The system functions using a surface-based compressor—powered by petrol, batteries, or electricity—that pumps fresh air through an air reservoir to a long, buoyant hose and then to an on-demand regulator. Although recreational floating units have existed for over 60 years with...
Introduction We (humans) didn’t evolve to breathe underwater. However, the natural curiosity we all have and the high appeal for underwater exploration has led us to develop various systems that enable us to visit the underwater environment. Each form of diving invented caters to different underwater activities, depth and time requirements, individual preferences, or sea conditions. In this article, we briefly...
Introduction Diving into the history of hookah diving uncovers a fascinating journey of humankind’s desire to breathe and explore underwater. This evolution began in the 18-19th century with the invention of the first manual air pumps, heavy helmets, and primitive diving suits. By the 1960s, a pivotal shift occurred as commercial technology was miniaturized into the first recreational machines, opening the...
